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Absenteeism becomes misconduct when it is repeated and unjustified. Employer Must Prove:

A dismissal must be both procedurally and substantively fair. Fair Dismissal: Unfair Dismissal:

Substantive fairness relates to whether there is a valid and fair reason for dismissal. Key Elements: Example: An employee cannot

Charges are the foundation of any disciplinary process. Requirements: Example: Incorrect: “Bad behaviour”Correct: “Gross insubordination on 12 March 2026”

Paste: Procedural fairness ensures that employers follow a fair process before disciplining or dismissing an employee. Requirements: Why It Matters:

The CCMA is responsible for resolving labour disputes between employers and employees in South Africa. Process: 1. Referral (Form 7.11)The

Disciplinary Hearing Procedure South Africa (Step-by-Step Guide) Introduction A disciplinary hearing is a formal process used by employers to determine